Additionally, some complex applications can only be programmed in syntax and are not accessible through the menu structure. Command syntax programming has the benefits of reproducible output, simplifying repetitive tasks, and handling complex data manipulations and analyses. The many features of SPSS Statistics are accessible via pull-down menus or can be programmed with a proprietary 4GL command syntax language. In addition to statistical analysis, data management (case selection, file reshaping and creating derived data) and data documentation (a metadata dictionary is stored in the datafile) are features of the base software. The original SPSS manual (Nie, Bent & Hull, 1970) has been described as one of "sociology's most influential books" for allowing ordinary researchers to do their own statistical analysis. It is also used by market researchers, health researchers, survey companies, government, education researchers, marketing organizations, data miners, and others. SPSS is a widely used program for statistical analysis in social science. The software name originally stood for Statistical Package for the Social Sciences ( SPSS), reflecting the original market, then later changed to Statistical Product and Service Solutions. Versions of the software released since 2015 have the brand name IBM SPSS Statistics. Long produced by SPSS Inc., it was acquired by IBM in 2009. SPSS Statistics is a statistical software suite developed by IBM for data management, advanced analytics, multivariate analysis, business intelligence, and criminal investigation. (Contains 26 references./ September 13, 2022 9 months ago ( ) An enclosed data disk allows practice of all SPSS procedures with the same data used in the book examples. More than 500 step-by-step boxes show how to accomplish the procedures. To represent the visual nature of the SPSS, every chapter contains over 200 pictures of screens or windows that appear on the computer monitor. More complex examples illustrate the more complex approaches of the later chapters. A single example, drawn from educational research, is used in 17 of the first 19 chapters. Chapter 27, on the analysis of residuals, draws on all three modules. Chapters 18 through 22 deal with the Advanced Statistics module, and Chapters 23 through 26 address the "Professional Statistics" module. Chapters 6 through 17 deal with the processes in the Base System module. The chapters are related to the SPSS modules. Chapters 6 through 27 address analyzing the data and interpreting the output. Chapters 4 and 5 deal with the modification and transformation of data and the creation of graphs and charts. Chapter 3 concentrates on creating, editing, and formatting a data file. Following an introduction to SPSS, Chapter 2 deals with basic operations. This book should enable the reader to do 95% of what the program package can do. SPSS is a powerful tool that is capable of conducting nearly any type of data analysis used in the social sciences. This book is designed to give step-by-step instructions necessary to do most major types of data analysis using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS).
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